Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare industry - What to look for in 2021 and 2022 ?

Overview of AI in Healthcare 

Chart : https://www.statista.com

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning systems proved that machines are better and faster than humans analyzing big data. Today, organizations have large datasets of patient data and insights about diseases through techniques like Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Using AI, healthcare providers can analyze and interpret the available patient data more precisely for early diagnosis and better treatment. Today, it is possible to say whether a person has the chance to get cancer from a selfie using computer vision and machine learning to detect increased bilirubin levels in a person’s sclera, the white part of the eye. 

Why AI in Healthcare?

1. Better patient care: AI can provide better patient care by detecting diseases earlier and offering more efficient treatment methods. According to Frost & Sullivan’s research, AI has the potential to improve healthcare outcomes by 30 – 40%.
2. Data-driven decision-making: With machine learning algorithms, AI can document and offer more insights about a patient’s status and help doctors make better data-driven decisions by providing a better picture.
3. Time & cost saving for administrative tasks: AI can handle administrative tasks like patient registration, patient data entry, and doctor scheduling for appointment requests.

AI Healthcare Market

In 2016 AI healthcare market was estimated to be around $0.66 B 

In 2021 AI market was expected to grow by 10 times to $6.7 billion. 

In 2019 estimate is 41.7% compound annual growth rate to $1.3 billion 

In 2025 the AI healthcare market is projected to be $13 billion

Over the last 4 years there has been a horizontal expansion in areas of implementation in healthcare. Companies like Cerner Corporation, IBM, McKesson Corporation ,GE Healthcare, Telstra Health, HotDocs, Health Engine are leading the healthcare revolution across the world.

So what are the areas where AI is  revolutionizing healthcare industry? Here is my list of top 18 areas of focus for AI Healthcare across the world in 2021-2022

1- Assisted or automated diagnosis & prescription: Chatbots can help patients self diagnose or assist doctors in diagnosis. 

2- Prescription auditing: AI audit systems can help minimize prescription errors.

3- Pregnancy Management: Monitor mother and fetus to reduce mother’s worries and enable early diagnosis

4- Real-time prioritization and triage: Prescriptive analytics on patient data to enable accurate real-time case prioritization and triage.  

5- Personalized medications and care: Analyze patient data to find the most effective and personalized treatment  and helps reducing cost and increasing effectiveness of care. 

6- Patient Data Analytics: Analyze patient and/or 3rd party data to discover insights and suggest actions.  AI allows the institution (hospital, etc…) analyze clinical data and generate deep insights into patient health. It provides an opportunity to reduce cost of care, use resources efficiently, and manage population health easily.

 7-Surgical robots: Robot-assisted surgeries combines AI and collaborative robots. These robots are well-suited for procedures that require the same, repetitive movements as they are able to work without fatigue. AI can identify patterns within surgical procedures to improve best practices and to improve a surgical robots’ control accuracy to sub-millimeter precision.

8- Early diagnosis: Analyze chronic conditions leveraging lab data and other medical data to enable early diagnosis 

9- Medical Imaging : Advanced medical imaging to analyze and transform images and model possible situations.  

10- Drug discovery: Find new drugs based on previous data and medical intelligence. 

11- Gene analysis and editing: Understand genes and their components. Predict the impact of gene edits.

12- Device and drug comparative effectiveness : Helps review if drug or a new medical device are effective

13- Brand management and marketing: Create an optimal marketing strategy for the brand based on market perception and target segment. 

14- Pricing and risk: Determine the optimal price for treatment and other service according to competition and other market conditions.

15- Market research: Prepare hospital competitive intelligence. 

16- Operations: Process automation technologies such as intelligent automation and RPA help hospitals automate routine front office and back office operations such as reporting. 

17- Customer service chat-bots: Customer service chat-bots allow patients to ask questions regarding bill payment, appointments, or medication refills. 

18- Fraud detection: Patients may make false claims. Leveraging AI powered Fraud Detection tools can help hospital managers to identify fraudsters.

 

Useful Links

Cobot - https://research.aimultiple.com/cobot/ 

AWS : Leader in Gartner's Quadrant 2020

AWS has been named as a Leader in the Magic Quadrant for Cloud Infrastructure and Platform Services - 2020. The AWS is placed highest in Ability to Execute and furthest in Completeness of Vision. As compared to Azure it has 4X market customers base.

Leaders Quadrant

    1) AWS (2006)

    2) Microsoft Azure (2010)

    3) Google (2011)

Challenger's Quadrant - No cloud provider

Nice Player Quadrant -

    1) Alibaba 

    2) Oracle

    3) IBM

    4) Tencent Cloud

Visionaries Quadrant- No cloud provider

 

 

AWS Vs Azure Vs Google Cloud: Market Shares and Growth Rate

In terms of cloud market, AWS has been the market leader since beginning. If you take a look at the following graph, it clearly depicts that:

• AWS is leading with around 30 percent of public cloud share and rest i
  
• Microsoft Azure is on the second place, owning around 16 percent of the worldwide market share.
• Google, on the third place, owns up to 10 percent of the market share worldwide.

 

 

 

• AWS has 5 years advantage over GCP & Azure.
• AWS is has better reach and available across more zones than GCP and Azure
• AWS has one-third of market shares in its name and is clear leader
• AWS has good growth rate but GCP is closing on with 100 percent growth
• Services offering of AWS, Azure, GCP :
  • When it comes to the number of services, the winner is AWS.
  • Regarding the integration with open-source and on-premise systems, such as MS tools, that are mostly used in almost all organizations, the winner is Azure.
• Pricing Models: Google Cloud has most economical pricing but Azure and AWS are quite close and AWS has more features and services as compared to GCP.
  

 

Data Preprocessing - Binning ( Data Science and stuff)

A simple, yet powerful concept used during data analysis that categorizes the data into different buckets/bins. One important point to remember is that “binning” and “clustering” are not the same and vary considerably in logic and implementation. Binning as a method of data pre-processing. Data binning (or bucketing) groups data in bins (or buckets), in the sense that it replaces values contained into a small interval with a single representative value for that interval. Sometimes binning improves accuracy in predictive models.

For example, if you have census data, you can bin “age” into [0 to 5], [5 to 9], [10 to 14] and so on.

Image of binning census data by age group -

Sometimes, binning can improve accuracy of the predictive models. In addition, sometimes we use data binning to group a set of numerical values into a smaller number of bins to have a better understanding of the data distribution. 

As example, “a automobile price” is an attribute range from 5,000 to 45,500.
Using binning, we categorize the price into three bins: low price, medium price, and high
prices. In the actual automobile dataset, ”price" is a numerical variable ranging from 5188 to 45400,
it has 201 unique values. We can categorize them into 3 bins: low, medium, and high-priced cars.
In Python we can easily implement the binning: We would like 3 bins of equal binwidth, so
we need 4 numbers as dividers that are equal distance apart.
1) First we use the numpy function “linspace” to return the array “bins” that contains
4 equally spaced numbers over the specified interval of the price.                                                       2)We create a list “group_names “ that contains the different bin names.
3) We use the pandas function ”cut” to segment and sort the data values into bins.
We can then use histograms to visualize the distribution of the data after they’ve been
divided into bins. This is sample histogram that we plotted based on the binning that we applied in the price feature. From the histogram plot, it is clear that most cars have a low price, and only very few cars have high price.

Another example of binning employee data by salary.

Steps to protect your business from #cyberattack

 

10 steps to protect your company from #CyberAttack

 

Customer Segmentation using Machine Learning

When you get tons of unlabeled data and you want to find some pattern in data to be used for some purpose like segmenting the data on basis of certain characteristics machine learning algorithm can be a big help. Lets take a example of tons of customer data of Target or Amazon or Flipcart. 

To use this data for building some value added service like recommendation engine or showing customer latest treds that he might be interested in or even showing ads that are most appropriate for customer based on his gender, age, location etc we need to first classify the customer into different segments. 

According to a Forrester report, only 33% of companies using customer segmentation find it significantly impactful. The main reason companies fail is that they are still using traditional customer segmentation approaches, without leveraging the breadth of customer data and advanced analytics techniques available today.

What is Customer Segmentation?

Customer Segmentation is one the most important applications of unsupervised learning. Using clustering techniques, companies can identify the several segments of customers allowing them to target the potential user base. In this machine learning project, we will make use of K-means clustering which is the essential algorithm for clustering unlabeled dataset. Before ahead in this project, learn what actually customer segmentation is.

What is Behavioral Segmentation?

Traditional approaches to segmentation focused mainly on who customers are and segments were based on demographic attributes such as gender or age, and firmographic attributes like company size or industry. But just understanding who your customers are is not enough anymore.  Behavioral segmentation is about understanding customers not just by who they are, but by what they do, using insights derived from customers’ actions.

Behavioral Segmentation is a form of customer segmentation that is based on patterns of behavior displayed by customers as they interact with a company/brand or make a purchasing decision. It allows businesses to divide customers into groups according to their knowledge of, attitude towards, use of, or response to a product, service or brand.

Why Segment Customers by Behavior?

Here are four main advantages of grouping customers into different segments based on their behaviors:

1. Higher Level Of Personalization. Understand how different groups of customers should be targeted with different offers, at the most appropriate times through their preferred channels, to effectively help them advance towards successful outcomes in their journeys.
2. Behaviourial  Predictivity. Use historical behavioral patterns to predict and influence future customer behaviors and outcomes.
3. Customer Prioritization. Make smarter decisions on how to best allocate time, budget and resources by identifying high-value customer segments and initiatives with the greatest potential business impact.
4. Evaluating Segment Performance. Monitor growth patterns and changes in key customer segments over time to gauge business health and track performance against goals. At a high level, this means quantifying the size and value of customer segments, and tracking how “positive” and “negative” segments are growing or shrinking over time.

Arogyasetu - The Health App with doubtful utility!

What is ArogyaSetu application?

ArogyaSetu is a COVID-19 contact tracing mobile application developed by the Ministry of Electronics and IT.  The application detects and tracks the mobile user’s movement with the help of GPS and Bluetooth sensors and sends out a notification if they come in contact with infected people by using its database and algorithms. Users have to enter personal information while registering on the app and the data will be shared only with the Government of India and does not include third parties as mentioned in the app’s privacy policy.

ArogyaSetu will be mandatory for Air travel

From 25th May Indian government is reopened its domestic air travel and made it mandatory for the traveler to have ArogyaSetu application installed on their mobile. So if the status of the ArogyaSetu App is Green and it shows message 'YOU ARE SAFE' then user will be allowed to travel and if the status is Red  and the application shows message the 'You are not safe'  then probably there will be some investigations and traveler may not be allowed to board the flight..

So why did I say ArogyaSetu application should be installed at least 15days before travel

• #ArogyaSetu Guidelines do not mention time frame for installation of the application. 
• As of today it is RECOMMENDED but NOT MANDTORY for every Indian to install the ArogyaSetu app. 
• As per new guidelines if you want to travel by flight then it is mandatory to install the ArogyaSetu app
• Those who do not use mobile phone will have to give a written declaration about their travel history 
• This means before traveling the user will be have to install the ArogyaSetuand but security will not know if the user installed app 1 month back or 15 minutes back as the app DOES NOT show that installation DATE on users MOBILE SCREEN. Possibly the data is available in the backend system
• So for a user who has installed the ArogyaSetufew 15 minutes back the status will always be Green
• The app is not smart enough to inform the security person that the user USER Status is Safe/Green because USER HAS INSTALLED APPLICATION 15 MINUTES BACK  and it is possible that user may be in contact of infected person before he installed the app.
• Bottom line is the ArogyaSetu application can be made more smart and intuitive to security & healthcare personal  

Lets understand the issue that I am highlighting with an example -

For example I have the ArogyaSetu application installed on my mobile but my mother is not comfortable with using mobile apps & she does not have ArogyaSetu installed on her phone. IN future if my mother has to travel by air then she will be told to install the ArogyaSetu App on her mobile or she will not be allowed to travel. Problem is there is no guideline on how many days prior to travel should one install ArogyaSetu application. 
        So my mother can install the app as late as just before reaching the airport and the ArogyaSetu app will show Green Status and message that' You are safe'. The dump app does not tell the security personnel that the user has installed the application just before entering the airport. If the Arogyasetu application did not track the users status for last 14 days (or more) and the Dumb App will still show STATUS as GREEN and there is no way to know that user has just installed the app, say 2 hours back or whatever the time period since installation of the ArogyaSetu application


The way ArogyaSetu works is it keeps a record of your movement and if you happen to come in close contact of a #corona patient then it flags you as a potential corona victim and shows your status as RED or UNSAFE Mind you ArogyaSetu showing RED does nto mean you are infected, it only means you were in close proximity of a infected person.But if you did not have ArogyaSetu app installed and then partied with a person who was #corona positive then #ArogyaSetu application is not smart enough to flag you RED. I am not saying ArogyaSetu application cannot be made smart, I am saying this ArogyaSetu app is not SMART.

So what should we do now  to protect Air Travelers from one infected person on the flight ?

Suggestion shared with ArogyaSetu team, Health Ministry Govt of India & Ministry of Civil Aviation are as follows -

1. A infected passenger traveling on plane is very dangerous so guidelines have to be improved
2. Modify the ArogyaSetu  application and on the main screen show the "Installation Date"
3. Unless the application was installed 14 days back the status of the user should be shown as 'Orange' or 'Needs Further Scrutiny'  because for 14 days since contacting a infected person the person can now show any symptoms of corona.
4. Make it mandatory for users to install application for certain services like Air Travel or travel in AC Train
5. ArogyaSetu team should inform the government the limitations of the application and dependency on installation date tracking and educate them on what INNOVATIVE THINGS can be added to the existing app.
6. Take suggestion and ideas from public on social-media platform. Our people should be free to give suggestions. 

Here are couple of slides to explain the above points

Update - 19 flyers on Air India’s Delhi-Wuhan flight test Covid positive on arrival at Wuhan Question is were these passengers not using ArogyaSetu? How did ArogyaSetu fail to identify the Covid positive patient that boarded flight to Wuhan, China ?



 

One Slide Plan To Transport MIgrant Workers To Their Home

Here is a one slider on transporting migrant workers from Host State (Example #Maharashtra) to Destination State (Example #Uttarpradesh ) or any other state.